Showing posts with label Joseph King. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Joseph King. Show all posts

Saturday, 10 March 2018

From Stockbroker to Peasant: the Kings and the Sings


It is reported that Joseph King's grandfather founded the Liverpool Stock Exchange, The Provincial Stock Exchange (Thomas, William Arthur, Routledge, 2012) explains "Sing, White and Company was formed in 1825 by Joseph King, one of the first brokers in Liverpool, and Chairman of the Stock Exchange from 1840-44.  In 1877 the business was continued by his nephew Alexander Millington Synge, and since then a member of the family has held a connection with the firm."  Sing, White and Company merged with Tilney, Parr and Rae in 1966.

Liverpool Stock Exchange building,
situated in the East Wing, on the right
from The Liverpool Picture Book
Thomas explains that "The leading movers in the establishment of the Association were probably the nine sharebrokers given in the 1835 Liverpool Directory.  Richard Dawson entered the stockbroking profession in 1827 having been a "gunpowder agent" and one time agent to Norwich Union Fire and Life office.  Thomas Barber, Thomas Harris and Thomas Read became brokers in 1834, John Fletcher in 1835, as also did Jonathon Flounders who gave up his previous profession of being a "Gentleman".  Joseph King described as an accountant in 1825 took to share dealing around 1827, as did William O'Kill, also an accountant.  Thomas Coglan was certainly active in share dealing in 1827 and was also the proprietor of the Floating Bath in the Mersey.  In addition to the twenty-one at the first meeting, ten new members joined in April, and a further fifteen during the remaining months of 1836.  ...At subsequent meetings held at the Mersey Coffee House and "Mr King's office" the admission fee was fixed at 10 gns" 


It seems strange that King did not include his name in the company Sing, White and Company, if he formed the company himself.  However looking at the family tree it would appear that the 'Sing' is Joshua Sing, who was King's brother-in-law.   According to The family of Synge or Sing online here Joshua was a Justice of the Peace.  Alexander Millington Synge who continued the business was Joshua's second son.  Alexander's second child was Mary Florentia Synge, she is marked "Of Haslemere" in The family Synge or Sing and therefore I feel confident in identifying her as Flora Synge.  It was Flora's weaving that was used to unveil the Blue Plaque at Green Bushes Weaving House a few years ago, see here for more details.   And so in two generations the stockbroker became a peasant, in what the movement would have called the third group of the future peasantry "These are the men and women whom a surfeit a civilisation has left healthily dissatisfied, and who will be peasants by choice, not by birth" (The Vineyard, New Series, Christmas 1918).

'Miss Flora Synge at her spinning wheel at Kings Road, Haslemere in 1917' 
from  Janaway, John,  Surrey: A Photographic Record 1850-1920, Countryside Books, 1984


Alexander lived in Dawstone, Windermere.  This was a notable Arts and Crafts house designed by Dan Gibson in 1903. It features in The Arts and Crafts Houses of the Lake District (Hyde, Matthew and Whittaker, Esme, Frances Lincoln, 2014) "built high above the town of Windermere on the outskirts of Heathwaite, is typical of the arts and Crafts houses occupying elevated sites.  The distance of the site from Lake Windermere, in comparison to the properties which line the lake's banks, would have been compensated for by the views that were afforded from this position.  As the writer Lawrence Weaver observed in the magazine Country Life, it is 'perched on the hill like an eyrie from which the vision sweeps round a complete panorama from Helvellyn to Morecombe Bay'.  The owner of Dawstone, the Liverpool stock and share broker Alexander Millington Sing, had purchased the site, known as Undermillbeck Common, from G.H.Pattinson." The house is now called Gillthwaite Rigg, a part of which is now a B&B.  Interestingly there is a photograph that purports to be a "ventilation grille incorporating the initials of the house owner at Dawstone", see below, although I am puzzled by the sequence ASM and not AMS if this is the case.  Joseph King, Alexander's cousin, also liked to put his initials on his buildings, and perhaps this was a family trait.



from The Arts and Crafts Houses of the Lake District,(Hyde, Matthew and Whittaker, Esme, Frances Lincoln, 2014)



Dawstone ground floor plan from
Built from Below: British Architecture and the Vernacular,
(Guillery, Peter, Routledge, 2011)


Saturday, 11 April 2015

Not on Mr King's Secret Service

On 1st March 1916 Joseph King made a stand in Parliament against the secrecy of the war effort, and more generally that the Government "kept from the public things which might just as well be attained in a public way".  In doing so, King appears to set himself apart from his peers.  In retrospect there is some irony here, as King himself was successfully prosecuted under the Defence of the Realm Act later that year, in October 1916.  

Perhaps his treatment in that case was informed by his very public stance in respect of the Defence of the Realm below.  

from shorehamfort.co.uk

In response to a motion to provide a supplementary sum for the Secret Service of £50,000, the following debate took place (HC Deb 01 March 1916 vol 80 cc1139-48):

"Mr. KING 
I beg to move to reduce the Vote by £100.
 
Whenever the Secret Service Vote comes before the House I always take the opportunity of drawing attention to one or two peculiar circumstances connected with it. On former occasions, and in times of peace, I have always objected to the Vote because it is secret and because it attains, or attempts to attain, by methods kept from the public things which might just as well be attained in a public way. But at the present time the other view may be entertained, that as practically all our expenditure of a war nature is secret, all our Army expenditure, all our Navy expenditure, all our advances to our Allies and to our Colonies are kept entirely secret from us, what is the good of having a Secret Service Vote at all? All Votes for the War are entirely secret. As far as I can understand, they are not even to be put before the Public Accounts Committee. I, at any rate, have seen the Report of the Public Accounts Committee, as printed, and I do not understand that the expenditure of the War is set out there at all as we were given to understand it would be, or at any rate in such an intelligible form that we can understand what the expenditure on the War has been. Why have a Secret Service Vote at all when all the operations, to the extent of £5,000,000 a day, are carried on secretly? It is a mere absurdity. It is a contradiction in terms in these times to put forward a Secret Service Vote at all. I am sorry that no one connected with the Foreign Office is present. I think on previous occasions, as the Secret Service Vote is in some sort of way connected with the Foreign Office, we have had a representative of the Foreign Office to support and explain it. Whether that be so or not, I intend to call attention to two definite facts in connection with this Vote which I think are of some importance. If the Secret Service Vote is to be in any sense effective it ought to be kept secret, and at the present time there is a gentleman going up and down the country lecturing, and making a very large amount of money by his lectures, which he puts forward on the ground that he was employed for a good number of years by the Foreign Office on secret service.

William Le Queux, Goodreads.com

I refer, of course, to Mr. William Le Queux. If you go to any watering-place you will see advertisements of Mr. William Le Queux, stating that he will give to the public, in return for the purchase of a half-crown ticket, the benefit of his great experiences and the secrets of the Courts of Europe and of diplomacy which he has attained while he was in the Secret Service. If it is true that he was in the Secret Service, he ought not to be allowed to go about disclosing the secrets. If he was not in the Secret Service, he is a fraud, a deception, and a humbug, and he is also a discredit to the country and ought to be prosecuted under the Defence of the Realm Act for throwing discredit on the country and on the Foreign Office. I should like some explanation of what to my mind is a perfect scandal—the way in which Mr. W. Le Queux has been going about for months saying he was a friend of the late Marquess of Salisbury, that he had many intimate communications with him, that he was sent on a secret service mission with Secret Service money. And then he gets ex-Cabinet Ministers to take the chair for him at his lectures.
HON. MEMBERS 
Whom?

St John Brodrick, 1st Earl of Middleton,
Vanity Fair
Mr. KING 
The gentleman known as Viscount Midleton, who in this House was known as Mr. St. John Brodrick, who was formerly Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, takes the chair for him. I have no doubt, therefore, that Mr. St. John Brodrick, with all his authority at the Foreign Office, backs him up. If it was not that this gentleman professes under such auspices to give away the secrets of the Foreign Office the matter would be of less consequence. But with this backing up it becomes a perfect scandal.

There is one other, to my mind, important fact in connection with this Vote that ought to be met from the Treasury Bench—I refer to the case of Mr. Master-man. It has become an open secret, which anyone can see clearly by giving attention to the answers which have been given to frequent questions in this House as to the work, emoluments and method of pay of Mr. Masterman in his present position, that he is serving in the Secret Service and is paid out of the Secret Service Vote. I have always been a very great admirer of Mr. Masterman, but I do not agree with all his views, and I do not agree with a man being in the Secret Service and publishing elaborate statements of the policy of this country under his own signature. If he is in the Secret Service let him do secret work and not public work. I have it, everyone has it, on the very best authority, that he is in the Secret Service at present. Let him, therefore, do his work quietly and in secret. I am sorry I have not the
attention of any Cabinet Minister, because I am perhaps misguided enough to think that these matters I am bringing before the Committee are of such interest and importance that they ought to receive the attention of a Cabinet Minister, and I hope they will get some answer now.

Mr. KING 
They will not get any answer?

Mr. MONTAGU 
No.

Mr. KING 
Then I am very sorry.

Mr. MONTAGU 
I am now asking for money for the Secret Service. If my hon. Friend wishes to persuade us not to vote that money, he is perfectly entitled to do so. Secret Service money is money deliberately and repeatedly voted by Parliament about which hon. Members abrogate their right to ask any questions. If you do not like the Secret Service, do not vote it; but do not ask questions as to how it is spent, because then it is not Secret Service.

Mr. KING 
I am afraid I shall have to make my speech all over again. I have just been pointing out two definite cases of men who say they are in the Secret Service and are doing public work, and one of them is giving away, with the support of men who have been in the Foreign Office, what he declares to be the secrets of the Foreign Office. It is a perfect scandal, and it only bears out what I say, that if you vote money in secret you will have it misused and misapplied and you will put it into the hands of people who are quite unworthy of your confidence. I suppose as we are not to have any reply to my speech it is a case of either take it or leave it. I am afraid I shall be the only Member who will have the courage to speak out against this Vote, but I must, as a protest against the way in which my entirely well meant and serious allegations have been met, move a reduction of the Vote."


Joseph King's war themes

A cursory review of Hansard highlights Joseph King's interests in the war effort.  His speeches are commonly concerns with the well-being of soldiers, others and the cost of the war.  There are numerous speeches that King initiated or took part in that are titled "deserters", "conscientious objectors", "nerve shaken soldiers", "court marshall prisoners", "prisoners of war", "aliens" and "military service".

Hansard, from Parliament UK


For example in 1916:

10 January 1916: 

"MR KING asked the Under Secretary of War whether he will state the number of desertions from the Army at Home reported from 4th August, 1914, to the latest available; and whether any men have during that period been imprisoned for desertion?

MR TENNANT I do not consider that it is in the public interest to give this information, but I will ask my hon. Friend not to run away with the idea that the number of desertions during the period in question causes concern." (Hansard, HC Deb 10 January 1916 vol 77 c1276)

and also that day:
"Mr. KING 
asked whether the number of divisions contributed by this country to the land forces of the Allies has reached or has exceeded the limit laid down by the Secretary of State for War on 25th August, 1914; what definite undertakings, if any, have been given by this country to maintain a definite number of fightiog men in the field; and what is the number of battalions which have to be in training or in reserve in order to make good losses or wastage in the field abroad?
Mr. TENNANT 
My hon. Friend must be aware that it cannot be in the public interest to give this information." (
HC Deb 10 January 1916 vol 77 c1279)
On 21st February 1916:

"Mr. KING asked the Prime Minister whether, with a view to bringing the financial and military demands on the country into harmony, the question has been considered of limiting the numbers of our military and naval forces; and, if so, whether any Cabinet decision has been reached?
The PRIME MINISTER 
The relation between the military and financial requirements of the War is engaging the constant attention of the Government, and, as I stated last week, has recently been the subject of special consideration." (
HC Deb 21 February 1916 vol 80 cc432-3)
"Mr. KING 
asked the Prime Minister whether his attention has been drawn to an answer given by the Under-Secretary of state for war on 20th January with regard to the execution of persons in this country by the military authority within some forty-eight hours of the dismissal of the appeal by the court of criminal appeal; whether such a period admits of an appeal to the clemency of the crown and the consideration by the crown of such an appeal; and whether he will endeavour to secure consistency of practice in this respect as between the war office and the home office?
The PRIME MINISTER 
In every case where an appeal to the clemency of the Crown has been made the execution has been postponed in order that the appeal may receive full consideration. Prisoners of this class are always assisted by experienced counsel and solicitors, who are free to give any advice they may consider necessary or desirable regarding the matter of appeals." (
HC Deb 21 February 1916 vol 80 c437W)

Friday, 24 October 2014

Hill Farm, the Kings family home c.1923-1930

Joseph King and Maude Egerton King moved from Sandhouse, Witley around 1923 to a new home, Hill Farm, Camelsdale.  Hill Farm is less than a mile away from the Weaving House on Kings Road, Haslemere where the Kings ran the Haslemere Weaving Industry.  


Hill Farm, Camelsdale from
Country Life, 15 April 1982

I wonder why the Kings left Sandhouse to move to Hill Farm?  Hill Farm seemed to signal a change in architect but not architecture for the Kings.  Having commissioned F.W. Troup to build the workshops and houses on Kings Road, and also their country house in Witley, King must have commissioned Matthews and Ridley to build Hill Farm around 1923.  It was built by G. H. Coles.

Trotter (The Hilltop Writers, The Book Guild, 1996) reports that in 1930 George Bernard Shaw addressed a gathering at Joseph King's home, Hill Farm to celebrate the elevation of two locals to the peerage.

Tucked away on the edge of Marley Woods it is hard to see Hill Farm from the road, the only pictures I had seen of it were from Trotter (ibid) and in Country Life (15 April 1982) "Rustic Renaissance: Arts and Crafts in Haslemere by T. D. L. Thomas".  However Hill Farm is now for sale and this provides a few more views of the building which seems equally as substantial as their former home, Sandhouse.

Hill Farm, Camelsdale from
The Hilltop Writers, The Book Guild, 1996

I understand that the two beams in the dining room have lovely carving with the initials of Joseph and Maude Egerton King, and a heart in the middle.  Looking at the photograph online of the dining room very closely you can just make out what appears to be a twisted cable pattern on the furthest beam, and clear initials "MEK".

The property is for sale through Savills for offers in excess of £3,000,000.  The black wooden building that is pictured amongst the 20.5 acres is reminiscent of some of the weaving houses built for the Peasant Arts movement.

Hill Farm, Camelsdale

Hill Farm, Camelsdale

Hill Farm, Camelsdale

Hill Farm, Camelsdale

Detail on carved wooden beam, with M.E.K. initials towards the right,
Hill Farm, Camelsdale


Friday, 10 October 2014

Ernest Powell King - a life through newspapers

Joseph King's younger brother Ernest Powell King, or E. P. King, has intrigued me as he died at a relatively young age, lived in a seemingly large house (referred to in this post) in Lymington, had Edwin Lutyens visiting him at the time of the 1901 census and had F. W. Troup build an early draft of his award winning 'cheap house' at Downton, near Lymington.

By reviewing the British Newspaper Archive I've managed to piece together a few more details about him, below.  Like his brother, Joseph King, Ernest was also a Liberal Party supporter.  He had some unmuzzled dogs, was a County magistrate, was nominated as sheriff in 1896, was a respected local figure and upon his death in 1905 had an estate worth over £106K.

Hampshire Advertiser, Weds 16th April 1890 reported: on the "Guardian's Election - The attempt made by Mr. Ernest Powell King (brother of the Liberal candidate), of Wainsford, to oust one of the sitting Guardians for the parish of Milford has not proved successful.  The election created but little interest.  The counting of the votes took place on Saturday at the boardroom of the Workhouse.  The result being as follows: Mr. E. Neal, 152, Mr. J. Oram, 119 elected; Mr E. P. King, 114.  A number of voting papers were returned without having been marked."

Hampshire Advertiser, 16th April 1890

Hampshire Advertiser, Weds 14th May 1890 reported under "unmuzzled dogs":
"Ernest Powell King, of Wainsford, Lymington, and the Rev. Frederick Jeffery of Claywood, Sway, were fined 1s and 5s costs each for allowing unmuzzled dogs to be at large."

Hampshire Advertiser, Weds 14th May 1890

Hampshire Advertiser, Weds 30th December 1891 reported the marriage of Ernest Powell King:
"King- Johnston - On the 22nd December, at Sway, Hants, Ernest Powell King, of Wainsford, Lymington, second son of Joseph King of Hampstead, to Charlotte Lilias, only daughter of Colonel C. Johnson, late Royal Artillery."

Hampshire Advertiser, Weds 30th December 1891


Hampshire Advertiser, Weds 24th February 1892 reports on the "County Council Election. - There will be a contest for the representation of the Western (Rural) Divison of the Lymington Union, which comprises the parishes of Milford, Milton, and Hordle, as Col. Cornwallis West, M.P., has come forward as a candidate in opposition to Mr. Ernest Powell King, of Wainsford (a brother of the Liberal candidate).  The election will take place on Tuesday March 8th."

Hampshire Advertiser, 24 February 1892

Hampshire Advertiser, Weds 29th June 1892 reports on what appears to be a second court appearance for having unmuzzled dogs:

"The Muzzling Order - Ernest Powell King, of Wainsford (a brother of the Liberal candidate) was summoned by the police for allowing two of his dogs to be at large unmuzzled, without having their owner's name and address engraven on their collars.  Mr King did not appear.  The Magistrates' Clerk (Mr. J. Davis Rawlins) said Mr. King had spoken to him about the charge, and had admitted it had occurred through inadvertence.  Superintendent Foster said these proceedings were taken, as people were now under the impression that the Muzzling Order had passed away.  He should be satisfied to withdraw from the prosecution on payment of the costs.  The Chairman said he did not think this should be done, as Mr. King knew all about this matter.  Fine 1s and 5s costs.  Mr. King attended the court just at the end of the case, and, in apologising for being late, assured the magistrates he had no intention of being discourteous."  

Hampshire Advertiser, 29th June 1892

Portsmouth Evening News, Thursday 10th March 1892 reported the outcome of the election:
Col. Cornwallis West, M.P., winning the election by 27 votes "Both gentlemen came before the constituency for the first time.  It is also the first time the division has has been represented on the Council, it having been created since the former Election."

Portsmouth Evening News, 10th March 1892

Hampshire Advertiser, Wednesday 5th June 1895 it was reported in Winchester "New County Magistrates - At an adjourned Quarter Sessions, at the Grand Jury Chamber, on Saturday, Mr Henry Herbert Wilford, of Arle Bury, Arlesford, and Mr. Ernest Powell King, of Winsford House, Milton, Bournemouth, qualified as magistrates for the county."

Hampshire Advertiser, 5th June 1895
Portsmouth Evening News, Saturday 16th November 1895 reports the "Hants Assizes"  "These assizes opened yesterday before Mr. Justice Wills.  The Grand Jury.  The following were sworn on the Grand Jury : …Mr. Ernest Powell."  Under "The Judge's Charge" the newspaper reports "The calendar they now had before them was a long and serious one, nearly one-third of the cases being of a disgusting kind.  There seemed to be a sort of Epidemic of Indecency passing all through the country and infesting it, and he had never been on a circuit with such an outbreak, except at the first "inquest" after the passing of the Criminal Law Amendment Act.  He thought it might be due to what had happened recently in London, and he hoped it might pass away as it had done before.  If it were to continue one's duties would be almost intolerable owing to such an admixture of filth.  There were, too, no fewer than five cases of manslaughter."

The Western Gazette, Friday 20th November 1896, the Nomination of Sheriffs is reported: "The ancient ceremony of nominating the sheriffs for the forthcoming year was held on Thursday afternoon in the Lord Chief Justice's Court.  Sir Michael Hicks-Beach, as Chancellor of the Exchequer, presided. This year the number of excuses and applications for exemption was far larger than usual, failing health, insufficient means, agricultural depression, outstanding succession duty, and other familiar pleas being urged.  There was great difficulty in finding three names for Somerset, no less than three nominees objecting to being placed on the list, alleging either ill-health or insufficient means. …County of Southampton…(3) Ernest Powell King, Wainsford House, Lymington."

Western Gazette, 20th November 1896

E. P. King is referred to in numerous subsequent articles in his justice of the peace or councillor role, as one of many names.  The next specific mention of E. P. King is his obituary in 1905.  Western Gazette, Friday 2nd June 1905 reported:
"Pennington.
Death of Mr. E. Powell King.
Very general and sincere regret was expressed throughout the neighbourhood on Wednesday morning when it became known that Mr. Ernest Powell King, J.P., C.C., of Wainsford, had passed away during the night.  Last year, when on a motoring tour of Cornwall, Mr. King and a party met with a serious accident, and he never seemed to have quite recovered from its effects.  He, however, had been attending to his many public duties of late, and on Monday week was present at the County Council meeting at Winchester.  On the following day, however, he was struck down with a very serious illness, and his condition became so grave his medical adviser (Dr. Pithie, of Lymington) and specialist deemed a serious operation necessary, and this was successfully performed on Sunday afternoon, but despite all that medical science could do, the unfortunate gentleman gradually sank, and passed away as stated.

Western Gazette, 2nd June 1905
"Mr. King who was about 46 years of age, came to reside at Wainsford about 20 years ago, and ever since has been actively identified with all kinds of public work.  It was his brother, Mr Joseph King, who contested the New Forest Division in the Liberal interest in 1892, and the deceased gentleman himself was a very strenuous and ardent Liberal.  He was a vice-president and the hon. secretary of the New Forest Liberal Association, which has to deplore the loss of one of its most enthusiastic and hardest workers.  Mr. King was also deeply interested in the temperance movement, and as president of the Lymington and District Band of Hope Union, he was a generous supporter of the cause in every way.  The deceased gentleman devoted his life to public work, having been for some years past actively and usefully engaged in many offices.  He was a justice of the peace for the Lymington division, a County Councillor, a Poor-law Guardian and District Councillor, chairman of the British School Managers, a director of the Lymington Sea Baths Company, hon. treasurer of the Milford Flower Show, and in many other capacities he served his day and generation, being most attentive to his duties.  Mr. King was a man of strong convictions, and although he was regarded by many as holding extreme views on the temperance and other questions, his public usefulness and sincerity was generally admitted.

"At his charming home at Wainsford the deceased gentleman was known as a kindly and generous host, and many in Pennington and the neighbourhood will miss his benevolence.  He was a liberal supporter of all philanthropic and charitable organisations, and it is safe to say that no-one appealed to him in vain on behalf of the sick and needy.  The various associations and societies with which he was so closely connected have sustained an irreparable loss, while the poor have cause to lament the death of a true friend.

"Mr King married the only daughter of Colonel Johnston who survives him.  There is no issue of the marriage."


This report is followed by the Western Gazette, Friday 16th June 1905:

"The Late Mr. E. P. King.  On Friday evening a meeting was held in the school-room in connection with the New Forest Liberal Association….The attendance was not large…A resolution of deep regret at the death of Mr. E. Powell King and appreciation of his service: to the cause of Liberalism in the New Forest was passed.  In Opening the evening meeting Mr. Pember paid a tribute to the memory of their esteemed and lamented friend, Mr. King.  He said they might think and speak of their departed friend in two capacities.  First in that of a true and energetic Liberal, and secondly in that of a generous and benevolent gentleman.  With regard to his claim to the latter title, he would be much missed by many who had been the recipients both of his bounty and good counsel.  However they thought of him that night more particularly in his capacity as a earnest and consistent Liberal.  (Hear, hear.)  In regard to this aspect of his character a resolution had already been passed by the Committee of their Association and this would in due course be endorsed by the Liberal Association, and sent to the deceased gentleman’s relatives.  He did not think it would be out of place for him to read this resolution to them.  It was as follows: “That this meeting of members of the New Forest Liberal Association, held at Brockenhurst on Friday, June 9th, hereby expresses its deep and respectful sympathy with the relatives of the late Mr. Ernest Powell King, and desires also to record its grateful remembrance of the devoted services rendered by him to the Association and to the cause of Liberalism in the New Forest division.”  (Applause.)  Their departed friend was one of those men who were doubly valuable, for he belonged to the class who not only had principles and convictions, but also had the leisure, no less than the will, to give effect to them.  (Applause.)  They ought to be thankful for such men and to such men, and especially he thought they ought to rejoice that they seemed to be perpetuated for them as it were by a sort of apostolic succession.  He used the word in all seriousness and without a tinge of irreverence.  Apostles they were – apostles of truth and missionaries to spread it.  (Applause.)  ….Beside his irreparable loss to his wife and family, for whom they all had the deepest sympathy, his loss to the New Forest and their Liberal party was a very heavy one.  Mr King was such an ardent Liberal that he allowed nothing to stand in his way, and notwithstanding all the sorrow in their hearts he was sure their lamented friend would have wished them to press on the Liberal cause by holding that meeting.  (Applause)."


Western Gazette, 16th June 1905
Western Gazette, Friday 7th July 1905 reported on "Hampshire J. P.'s Bequests.  The late Mr Ernest Powell King, of Wainsford, near Lymington has left £100 to the Royal South Hants and Southampton Hospital.  The following institutions will benefit to a like amount: The London Temperance Hospital, Hospital for Paralytic and Epileptic, Dr Barnardo's Homes, Boscombe Home, and Miss Sharman's Orphanage.  Deceased's estate amounts to £106,726."

Western Gazette, 7th July 1905

Saturday, 5 April 2014

Joseph King on film, 1920 election

Until recently my visual impression of Joseph King came from a handful of photographs.  Then I came across British Pathe's short film with Joseph King standing for election at Ilford in 1920, when King would have been 60 years old.  I believe this Pathe archive has recently gone online.
Still from Election at Ilford,
British Pathe Archive
Whilst King is only on the film for a few seconds you can gather a few more indications of him.  Here is what I see: well-positioned in the centre of the photo opportunity; maintaining a good composure; talking jovially to his fellow candidate, who incidentally won; well-turned out in a three piece suit; seemingly the only candidate with a hat; a sunken chin; seeming to talk slightly from the side of his mouth; he seems quite confident and relaxed in the spotlight.
Still from Electon at Ilford,
British Pathe Archive



Wikipedia have collated all of King's election contests.  The 1920 election was the penultimate election that King contested.  By this time King was a Labour candidate.  He came second with 22.9% of the vote, marginally ahead of the Liberal candidate.  The winner, Fredric Wise, a Coalition Conservative achieved 54.4% of the vote.

Still from Electon at Ilford,
British Pathe Archive

Friday, 28 March 2014

Joseph King vs. Edwin Lutyens on New Delhi

The other reason why it is of interest that Joseph King's brother, Ernest Powell King, was seemingly a good friend of Edwin Lutyens (as discussed in this post), is that Joseph King "conducted a well-informed Commons campaign throughout 1912, culminating in a wide-ranging attack on the (New Delhi Town Planning Committee) project on 20 December" (Dictionary of Scottish Architects).  I wonder how relations between Joseph King and Lutyens were impacted by this architectural disagreement?  Although Joseph's brother, E.P. King died in 1905 and so would not have been party to this situation.

North Block Facade, Sir Edwin Lutyens,
New Delhi from World of Stock
Joseph King's 20th December 1912 speech highlights is strong belief in preserving Indian craftsmanship and architecture.  This provides further insight into the Haslemere Peasant Arts' respect for the skills of different cultures.  A position which whilst more widely held today, was not the norm in a time where our King was referred to as "King Emperor".  The last two paragraphs below are particularly enlightening.

Hansard (20 December 1912 vol 45 1945-55) records this event:
"I invite the House to make a complete change of atmosphere and subject, and from the tobacco fields of Ireland to proceed with me to the site of the new Delhi. It is a proud thought to remember that it is a year and four days ago that His Majesty, the King Emperor, laid the foundation stone of the great new capital which those of us who live long enough and have the money to go out there hope to witness one day. On the same day that the great announcement of this change was made by the King himself in Delhi it was announced here in the House by the Prime Minister, and the Leader of the Opposition at once stated that this must obviously be a matter to be fully discussed, whereon, with his usual courtesy and decision, the Prime Minister said obviously this must be the subject of Parliamentary discussion. 

"I propose to give the House the leading questions connected with this great Imperial question. The King Emperor himself, in the course of his speech, said that the new creation must be a city in every way worthy of this beautiful ancient city of Delhi, and a little later the Viceroy in Council announced his strong personal interest in the subject, stated that he had given a great deal of personal attention to the question of this new Delhi, and expressed the opinion that the buildings should be in Indian style and should be carried out by Indian craftsmen. In doing so, he was understood at the time to speak as Viceroy, and to convey the opinion and considered judgment of the very highest authority in the land. What has happened since? The Government of India sent out a Town Planning Committee. It was stated that this Committee should be one of the very highest authority. It was to consist, we were told, of a sanitary engineer, a town planner, and architect, and a landscape gardener. The three gentlemen who were sent out were Mr. Brodie, an engineer, against whom I have not a word to say, and a most eminent man in his profession. Then there was Captain Swinton, a man very well known as Whip of the Moderate party on the London County Council, a former aide-de-camp of the Viceroy of India and no doubt a man of the world, who knew his way well about India, but I contend not cither an expert in town planning architecture or landscape gardening. The third member of this Town Planning Committee was Mr. Lutyens, an excellent architect, a gentleman who has built country houses and work of that description for people who can appreciate artistic architecture, but who has had no experience whatever of large public buildings or town planning.

An aerial view of the completed city of New Delhi with the war memorial at the end of Kingsway. Photo courtesy of Centre for South Asian Studies, University of Cambridge


"Some criticism was naturally directed to the composition of this Committee, and it was promised to us again and again, both by question and answer across the Floor of the House, and also on the occasion of the Indian Budget last year, I hat (hope?) their report should be published with all expedition and that their plans should be ex- hibited in the Tea Room. Whatever we may have seen in the Tea Room, we have not seen their plans, and whatever we have been able to get in the Vote Office, we have not yet got their report, and this is all the more remarkable because, as soon as this Town Planning Conimittee returned after its first visit to India in July last, what purported to be a summary of their Report appeared in the "Pall Mall Gazette" of 24th July…

"I wish to utter my protest against a decision being taken thus early, and in this manner, against Indian art and architecture. If anyone would wish to know what Indian art and architecture can do, let them go to South Kensington in the holidays—they can take their wives and families or anybody else with them—and see the magnificent architectural examples exhibited there, and the beautiful work which is being done in perfect tradition with the best old times of India. I wish also to call the attention of the House to the fact that we are going to set up in Delhi buildings which might as well be set up in New York or Rio de Janeiro. We shall be giving no national expression to the great nation of India, but really be slighting the national art, architecture, and craftsmen in our great Empire. There is another most important point, namely, that after all we are governing India as trustees for the Indians, not on our own account, but because we believe we have a great Imperial mission. The bill is to be paid by the Indians. The whole cost of the new Delhi is to be paid entirely out of the revenues of India. I want emphatically to protest against the revenues of India being made the servants of British or Italian art. I want the Indians to have a chance of working out the splendid craftsmanship and the splendid genius they possess, very different from our own—a genius that cannot be denied.

"If hon. Members will take the trouble to look into the current number of the "Sphere," they will see a magnificent set of illustrations of modern Indian works of architecture—buildings erected recently throughout the Indian Empire. I venture to say that for beauty, skill, craftsmanship, and magnificence of design, totally alien as they are to our art, and totally inappropriate as they would be for buildings to be erected in London, these buildings cannot be surpassed throughout the world. I feel deeply on this subject, not only as a man who loves art, but as a man who loves the British Empire. I would like to feel that we are doing a great act of justice, and advancing the progress and prosperity of our great Indian Empire, and therefore I conclude by asking hon. Members whether it is fair that the Indians, who have great genius, a great history, and a great tradition, should be asked to pay out of their revenue in order that some architects—excellent men, no doubt, and gifted and accomplished artists too—may have the opportunity of erecting in the new Delhi palaces of Italian art. The idea, though furthered by one paper, and promoted by another, is in itself absurd and unjust. I hope we shall have the Report of what the Town Planning: Committee has been doing, and that we-shall have some plans and drawings, exhibited in the Tea Room, and that at any rate, we shall not be told that the decision-has been taken to put up modern western-palaces in the great capital of our Eastern. Empire."
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